Thursday, August 27, 2020

How to Start a Community Service Project :: Community Service Essays

A nonstop network administration venture includes numerous pieces that need to fit together consummately so as to finish the riddle. The initial step is to decide your thought for your task. At that point you need to figure out how to support your assets. Next is where you pinpoint which association your locale administration venture is going to profit and all the occasion subtleties. At long last, the time has come to put your locale administration venture into drive. Your people group administration ought to be one to profit the individuals of a network. To begin, you have to think of a thought for your locale administration venture. Take a stab at glancing in books for thoughts or quest your locale for answers. Ask yourself, What could my locale profit by? Is there something your past family could have profited by in the event that somebody has actualize a network administration venture for them? In the event that you are a club president needing to begin a network administration venture, ask your kindred individuals what thoughts they have. Another source is senior consideration home and non beneficial associations. You could likewise inquire as to whether they need any assistance or if there is any network administration venture thoughts they need somebody to perform for them. Is there a specific concern you have for your locale and might want to assist? You can generally accomplish something somebody has wear previously and proceed with their venture. These are everything to assist you with thinking about a thought. There are suc h a significant number of submits you can glance in request to discover a thought. The thoughts are endless and there is in every case somewhere and somebody who needs assistance. A few models may assist you with understanding the thoughts of what to accomplish for your task. When model is beginning a bingo night at a senior consideration or kids' home. It is a simple undertaking that numerous individuals do and that all individuals love. On the off chance that somebody in your family was in a halfway house, you could as a nearby shelter how you could help. Disasters are continually happening, and you could help fund-raise for an alleviation association. In the event that you are beginning a network administration venture for a club at school, you could generally do a movement inside the school like month to month instructor gratefulness or a week by week mentoring meeting. There are such huge numbers of ways you can take when assembling a path of network administration ventures.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Just Below the Surface

Just beneath the surface The story is composed by Kate Nivison and happens in a London suburb in a privileged situation (p. 41, l. 14) in present day time (p. 42, l. 23). It is a first individual storyteller so we identify with Indrani. Indrani: * Is an Indian lady (p. 42, l. 37) * Is instruction, yet not profoundly taught * She is narrow-minded (p. 42, p. 29-30) * She thinks the British individuals are xenophobic (the lady in the shop and the men from the chamber, p. 43, l. 5) * She is exceptionally worried about what others consider her (p. 42, l. 19) * She feels smothered (p. 43, l. 16) * She needs to be a decent spouse and urgently needs to keep up her appearances (p. 42, l. 1) She needs to keep her pride that is ordinary for the Indian culture. * The British individuals are one-sided against her (p. 43, l. 13) * She is attempting to absorb to the general public, however the general public hasn’t acclimatized to the outsiders on the grounds that the outsiders need to keep their qualities (p. 48, l. ) * She creates through the story; initially she doesn’t mind the prejudice against her. She doesn’t notice it. In any case, at long last she gets an eye-opener. * She is reliant on her significant other (p. 44, l. 6) * She attempts to stay away from clashes Barry: * He is a concealed bigot (p. 48, l. 14) * Is amusing (p. 4, l. 31) * He utilizes similitudes (p. 47, l. 15) * He is ill bred * He is one-sided There are a ton of exchanges and direct discourse in the story. Likewise casual language in light of the direct speech.There can be attracted equals to the story My Son the Fanatic on the grounds that in the two stories there is an individual who attempts to incorporate to the British society. There can likewise be attracted equals to Mrs. Ice and Barry in light of the fact that they are both narrow-minded. There can likewise be attracted equals to Robin Cook’s discourse. He says the workers are useful for the nation while Barry need s to dispose of them. The rodents represent the workers as indicated by the Barry. The kitchen represents her veneer.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Grammarly Affiliate Program Review ($25 Activation Bonus)

Grammarly Affiliate Program Review ($25 Activation Bonus) Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Grammarly Affiliate Program Review (Sign Up And Get $25 Activation Bonus)Updated On 18/02/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : GrammarlyShort URL : http://hbb.me/1QbQW1w CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogFew days back we published our detailed Grammarly review and explained how awesome their Grammar/Spelling correction tool is. We also highlighted about their affiliate program there, but now, in this post, well share our comprehensive Grammarly Affiliate program review. We are using their affiliate program for the past few months and we got good results, thanks to their popularity and functionality, promotion is pretty easy I would say.Grammarly Affiliate Program ReviewIf you have used Grammarly or if you are looking out for some products for affiliate marketing, then you are in the right place. Grammarly has two-tier referral system model, so you can also promote their af filiate program and earn through it. Lets check out the review.Grammarly Affiliate CommissionGrammarly has both a free and a premium plan. But, dont worry, you will be getting paid for both. ?? If someone uses your affiliate (referral) link and signs up for Grammarly free version, youll be getting $0.20 per registration. When that person upgrades for a premium version, youll get $20 per upgrade.Tip: You will also get $25 activation bonus if you sign up for Grammarly Affiliates and place their banner on your website.We wrote articles and mentioned about Grammarly on various portions of our blog, its a good tool to be honest, so people will obviously want to sign up since its free. Im also sure if they started to love this tool, then chances are high that they will upgrade for a premium plan like I did. They also have a 90-day cookie window, its like 3 months, so you might get luck anytime.Grammarly Affiliate Program ShareASale DashboardThats not the end, if you are a top performing affiliate, then youll get increased payouts. Youll also get plenty of bonuses if you perform extremely well. If you can generate $2000 in sales/month, then you will receive $200 bonus. Think this is easy for you? Good news! If you can generate $4000 then you will get $400 bonus and for $8000 you will get $800 bonus. Awesome isnt it? They have an excellent affiliate support as well, so if you have any queries or if you are confused about anything, feel free to ping them anytime.Apart from this, you will also get custom links, co-branded landing pages, and exclusive discounts. So sign up for Grammarly Affiliates if you havent yet. They partnered with CJ.com and ShareASale for managing their affiliates, I preferred the latter since I already got used to their interface and payments. Minimum payout in ShareASale is $50. You have both Direct Deposit and Check payment methods.READGrammarly Review: Best Weapon To Kill The Grammar Nazis!How To Promote Grammarly Earn Money?If you are a Blog ger, then I would suggest two things:1) Write about their Grammarly tool + their Affiliate Program (Make it detailed).2) Keep Grammarly banner ad on your blog (They have some awesome creative banners).Tip: I think almost everyone uses AdBlock these days, so itll obviously block your Grammarly ad banner as well. Dont worry, here is a small tip. Get the Ad Banner and download the image to your computer. Then upload that to your blog and use that URL instead. By default, itll be hosted on ShareASale or CJ.com, but its good to have it on your blog server instead.CONFUSED HOW TO WRITE A DETAILED REVIEW? WE DID OUR BEST HERE:Grammarly Review: The Best Weapon To Kill All The Grammar Nazis! Now, the affiliate link part, Im using ThirstyAffiliates (Free Paid) plugin for this, my affiliate URL for Grammarly looks like this: https://hellboundbloggers.com/go/grammarly/So you can generate one like this, then promote it on your blog posts and banner ads. Thats it.Just in case if you dont have a blog, no issues then, you can use your Social Media contacts to boost the sale. You might be running a popular YouTube channel or a Facebook Page/Group, so you can utilize them to drive sales. Do check their PPC bidding policy before you use paid ads for promoting their brand. Happy Earning!Thats all I guess. Grammarly is a productivity tool for me, I use it almost everytime I write something. You can check out Grammarly Affiliates and register if you are interested in making some decent passive income. Meanwhile, if you havent used Grammarly tool yet, you can sign up for free on Grammarly and start to experiment with it.If you like it and if you are interested in writing a review about them, then you can request a free premium trial access from Grammarly for your research/review.Hope you got all the necessary information from our Grammarly Affiliate program review, do let us know if you have any queries in the comments below.Editor RatingRated 5 stars Spectacular100%Grammarly Affil iatesReviewed by: Pradeep KumarPublished on: 12/02/2016Last modified: 18/02/2016

Monday, May 25, 2020

The First Lady Of Civil Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 449 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Rights Movement Essay Rosa Parks Essay Did you like this example? Rosa Parks Violence was brought against many peaceful black protesters upset Americans. Many people got injured and killed protesting for the bus boycott. After a long day at work Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus in December 1, 1955. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The First Lady Of Civil Rights" essay for you Create order She then was escorted out of the bus by a police officer and then arrested. Rosa Parks worked as a seamstress. She went on the Cleveland Avenue bus for home. She sat in a seat in the first of many rows for colored passengers.After Rosa Parks was arrested, many other African American people immediately started a bus boycott held by African Americans on December 5 to stop segregation. The U.S. Congress has called her the first lady of civil rights and the mother of the freedom movement after her role in the Civil Rights Movement. She stopped racial segregation for all African Americans. A newspaper reporting about Rosa parks. Rosa parks arrest report. Rosa parks protesting. Rosa parks on a non segregated bus. A police officer recording Rosa parks fingerprints Triumph In Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the Montgomery bus to a white man. Rosa Parks violated an Alabama segregation law but she stood up for herself and other African American people. Rosa Parks had a big role in the Civil Rights Movement.Rosa Parks was given the nickname The Mother Of Civil Rights Movement she helped stopped racial segregation for all African American people within a year. Rosa Parks helped all African American have a voice on their equal rights. Rosa Parks received national recognition. Parks received many awards like the NAACPs 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a occurring statue in the United States Capitol National Statuary Hall. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman and third non-US government official to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda. Tragedy Lots of people got injured and got killed while protesting for Parks and the bus boycott. Racist police officers, sheriffs, fire hoses, police dogs and Klan violence was brought against many peaceful black protesters upset Americans. Many African American people still got treated and judged by people over the time. After the boycott Rosa Parks got arrested from her first job as a seamstress and received many death threats from many people. The people who worked with Rosa Parks like Martin Luther King Jr., Edger Nixon received many death threats. Sadly Martin Luther King Jr. was killed after being shot while standing up on his balcony outside by James Earl Ray. In Rosa Parks final year of life she suffered from dementia at the age of 92.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Hunters Code of Ethics and Trophy Hunting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 460 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Code of Ethics Essay Did you like this example? Kendall Jones is the nineteen-year-old Texas friend. She regularly trips to Africa to trophy hunting and kill big play. Some of these creatures she gets hunted are classified as threatened. This new negative response to her pictures has stemmed from her sadistic tendency to playfully sit with the animals she kills. Need to make it easy and kill some zebras ?This would cost you a mere $ 6,000. Want more carnage? Hunting a male cat can get you $ 30,000, or the elephant gets with a $ 35,000 price tag. If you want to get very crazy with it, how about the 21 day journey within which you will beat a cat, an elephant, and the buffalo for close to $ 80,000? – March 5, 2018 – The Trump government announced it could permit hunters to trade sport-hunted African elephant prizes on The â€Å" application-by-application † basis. This contentious hunting exercise had been criminalized during the Obama administration. This USA land and Wildlife assistance justified this outcome by telling that judgments on threatened species were â€Å" no longer useful for creating particular license determinations for imports of sport-hunted African elephant trophies. † the findings referenced as â€Å" no longer effective † were published just the year before. One claim of pro-trophy hunt proponents is that prize hunters offer much needed income for Africans living in economically depressed areas and that the demand for income outweighs the demand to protect wildlife popul ations. This study showed that 78% of Americans disagree with The right, including 75% of Republicans and 83% of Democrats. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hunters Code of Ethics and Trophy Hunting" essay for you Create order Supporters of prize hunt, and still canned hunting, declare their actions support conservation. However, despite these excessive fees hunters give to make home the prized prize – hunts may represent from $ 24,000 to around $ 71,000 for the continent cat, there equals no legitimate evidence that any trophy hunting dollars trickle down past unstable governments or corrupt officials to create viable conservation efforts on the ground. Prize hunt relies heavily on the most unjust, inhumane methods including taunting, hounding, trapping, and captive hunts. These methods violate this practice of fair-chase hunt and let human hunters, who already take the edge over their quarry, further rewards to change the hunters changes of gathering their trophies. The report published at the book Animal conservation and headed by dick Lindsey of kenyas Mpala Research center stated that most award hunters ensure that they are concerned about the improvement, ethical, and social issues that huntin g raises. This survey interviewed 150 Americans who got hunted at Africa earlier, or who projected to do so within three years. Each year, hunters from Europe and the United States go to Africa to participate in â€Å" award hunt, † this deed at which hunters take home dead creatures to show as trophies and souvenirs on their walls. Most of these Big 5 – elephants, lions, rhinoceros, bison, and leopards – will be hunted at Africa†¦for the good terms.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Immigration Is One Of The Most Popular Topics Today

Prim A. Green Professor James Leary English 101 [DR] 23 February 2016 Immigration is one of the most popular topics today. Over 4.4 million illegal aliens are on the waiting list to be documented. Many U.S. citizens have been in an outrage over legalizing immigrants. But what many people fail to realize is that immigration has several advantages that far exceeds the negative concerns. Immigration brings several economic advantages to the United States. Immigration also has a huge influence on American culture. Despite the fact, their are numerous people against immigration, a huge number of these depend on defective or false accusations that don t focus on any positive parts of immigration. Many American s believe immigration decreases wages for low-skilled Americans (Millstein). But in fact, it doesn t, a 2012 financial examination found that somewhere around 1990 and 2006, immigration to the U.S. really drove up wages for local conceived Americans without secondary school diplomas (Hunt). The increase was between .6 percent and 1.7 percent (Hunt 8). The average wages were increased by the immigrants who came to the United States during that period. There are various purposes behind this, Immigrants are consumers as well as employees (Millstein). Somewhere around 1990 and 2007 undocumented specialist expanded the pay of legitimate laborers in integral employment by up to 10 percent (Morris). Morris also says, Many high-income countries haveShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Illegal Immigration1623 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the election process, each candidate is asked about many topics. One topic inparticular has become very popular, illegal immigration. The primary que stion that is asked is, â€Å"How will you deport and limit the number of illegal immigrants in the United States?† This question got me thinking, If I were in their position what would I say in response? The following essay will illustrate the ideas on illegal immigration. Facts Immigration has always been a problem ever since we put a border betweenRead MoreShould The Deportation Of All Immigrants Really? Make America Great Again?995 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscovered the New World. In this case, it is true that history repeats itself because the issue of driving people out of free land persists today. Perhaps it’s because there are several misconceptions associated with immigrants. Perhaps it’s because Americans do not want to change the U.S. national identity, even though America was founded by immigrants. Today, immigrants are employed in jobs that contribute to the United States in some way or another. How so? For example, consider the fruits andRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pages Immigration In America The people living in the United States of America are confronted with a debatable issue each and everyday. Illegal immigration into America and the immigration laws that follow make for an emotional topic. Often times people in the U.S argue whether the laws against illegal and legal immigration in America are the proper laws for the issues at hand. Many people think that illegal immigration should be stopped while others believe that the outbreak of newcomers can helpRead MoreCultural Diversity in New York Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesatmospheres have brought their families and dreams to New York City. Although Immigration patters throughout the last 200 years have varied, New York has consistently seen people from around the world move to the city and call it home. From the earliest points in our history as a nation, New York has been a center for trade and economic growth. New York is known world wide as a cultural melting pot. While other states have had immigration surges, n one have compared to the diversity and sheer number of immigrantsRead MoreImmigration Policy At Kennesaw State University Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe world has always debated immigration, yet never coming to a conclusion. On the one hand, there are some countries that have been more open to the idea and practice of immigration. Canada is a prime example. From the article, Immigration Policy at the Subnational Level In North America: Quebec and Georgia In Comparative Perspective, written by political science professor at Kennesaw State University, Richard Vengroff, Canada is an outlier among advanced industrial nations in terms of the overallRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241732 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame, and still is, a promised land for many. As a result, immigration has become a pivotal topic in the American culture and with time, the dynamics of immigration has changed due to a shifting of focus between different immigrant groups. From the Chinese exclusion act in 1 882 to the Immigration Act of 1924, which restricted Eastern European immigrants’ access to the USA, different groups of people have been the principal focus of immigration reform (HISTORY Corporation, 2009). Since the early-20thRead MoreImmigrant Influence On Culture And Society1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribing immigration, the most popular term was â€Å"melting pot†, but lately the more politically correct term is â€Å"salad bowl†. The melting pot better describes American society because the cultures have blended together and became more accepting of each other. The history of immigration in the United States has been greatly shaped by immigrant influence on culture and society, the nation’s fluid immigration laws, and how incoming immigrants are perceived by the population of each era. Immigration in theRead MorePeople Hear The Word Immigration1647 Words   |  7 Pagesand age, when people hear the word immigration, they quickly come up with what it means to be an immigrant and make up their own conclusion about the hot topic issue. What we as Americans believe immigration is depends on a lot of different factors, such as, what we do for a living, what part of the United States we live in, and most importantly our very own personal interactions with people coming from other cultures. More times than not, if you live in one of the few states that touch the boarderRead MoreAmerica s The New York Times1700 Words   |  7 Pagesnot only the paper to reach the public, but also have online media context for more modern-day viewers. With this outreach, they are able to be a news source for the entire world. Similarly to Facebook’s trending topics, The New York Times’s front page is mainly political. For example, one of the stories featured on the front pa ge, Veterans Feel the Cost of U.S. Nuclear Tests, talks about veterans who cleaned up a nuclear fallout in the Enewetak Atoll and their resulting health issues. As stated inRead MoreViews on Curtural Globalization1040 Words   |  5 Pages In the past, it was really hard to spread a culture one country to around the world. However, nowadays, we enjoy music, food, movies, and practice other religions from different cultures around the globe. This is all due to cultural globalization. Cultural globalization is spread of ideas and values via Internet, popular culture, international travel, and immigration. Immigrations are one of the best methods to spread a culture because the immigrants can practice their culture everyday and share

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Rapid Application Development free essay sample

Thesis statement. In a rapid changing environment, software systems must be delivered quickly in order to meet business delivery schedules. Spending months and years developing systems to high standards is fruitless if over time requirements change beyond recognition. Software development must serve its customers. Simple value-for-money systems that work are better than expensive and complex ones delivered late, over-budgeted and difficult to maintain. Abstract. Rapid Application Development (RAD) has long been promised to be a boon to the computing community. The idea is to develop a method of designing software so that the whole process is quick, painless and nearly effortless. RAD appears to have first become topical with the publication of a text by James Martin with the same title (Martin, 1992). In his publication Martin defines the main objectives of RAD as: high quality systems, fast development and delivery and low costs. RAD is an object-oriented approach to system development that includes a method of development as well as software tools. We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid Application Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RAD is very similar to prototyping. Conceptually, their main purpose is to shorten the time in a traditional SDLC (system development life cycle) between the design and implementation. RAD is a helpful approach in new e-commerce web- based environments to make the difference by delivering an application to the web before their competitors. ? Hierarchical Structure of Topics: 1. History. 2. Essential aspects of RAD. 3. When to use RAD. 4. Disadvantages. 5. Conclusion. ? 1. History: Traditional lifecycles devised in the 1970s, and still widely used today (cascading, one-way steps of Stage wise or Waterfall), are based upon a structured step-by-step approach to developing systems. These old methods required revision and approval from the user before continuing with the next phase of development. This process can take too long and the customer’s requirements can change during the development cycle. Also it takes a long time before the user can see the results and is able to use the final product. In response to these rigid models of development Barry Boehm, Chief SW Engineer at TRW, introduced his Spiral Model. Through his model, Boehm first implemented software prototyping as a way of reducing risk. Other pioneer, Tom Gilb created another approach called Evolutionary Life Cycle. This one is based on an evolutionary prototyping rationale where the prototype is grown and refined into the final product. The work of Boehm and Gilb paved the way for the formulation of the methodology called Rapid Iterative Production Prototyping (RIPP) at DuPont in the mid-to-late 1980s. Then James Martin extended the work done at DuPont and elsewhere into a larger, more formalized process, which has become known as Rapid Application Development (RAD). ? Rapid Application Development is a term originally used to describe a software development process introduced by Martin in 1991. Martins methodology involves iterative development and the construction of prototypes. RAD compresses the step-by-step development of conventional methods into an iterative process. The RAD approach thus includes developing and refining the data models, process models, and prototype in parallel using an iterative process. More recently, the term and its acronym have come to be used in a broader, generic sense that encompasses a variety of techniques aimed at speeding application development, such as the use of web application frameworks and other types of software frameworks. . Essential aspects of RAD. RAD is normally seen with three or four phases and users are involved in all the phases. The first Phase The planning phase. Users and analysts need to identify the objectives of the application or system to identify information requirements arising from those objectives. This phase requires intense involvement from both groups not just signing a proposal. It may involve users from di fferent levels of the organization. The orientation in this phase is to solve business problems and the main purpose is to reach business goals. The second phase The design workshop. It is a design and refine phase. This phase is normally hands-on for all the participants. During the design workshop users respond to actual working prototypes and analysts refine the design models based on the user responses. If during this process, experienced users and analyst are part of the process, there is no doubt that this meeting can propel development forward at an accelerated rate. The third phase The implementation phase. In this phase, analysts and users are working together intensively to design the business or non-technical aspects of the system. When these aspects are agreed on, the systems are built and refined, the new systems or part of them are tested and introduced to the organization. The cutover phase If your team follows Martin’s approach normally because your team is replacing and old system with your RAD you will see this phase. In the cutover phase the new application is run in parallel with the old one in order to be tested, train the users and make any changes to the organizational procedures before the replacement of the old system occurs. If your project is implementing a completely new system you won’t have this phase there is no old system to run in parallel That’s why sometimes you only see three phases in RAD. Martin’s phases of RAD General Phases of RAD and the outputs of each phase Rapid Application Deployment Key Deliverables / Outputs RAD Development Phases RequirementsDesign / DevelopTest / Implement ?System Architecture / Preliminary Design Document ?Final Design Document ?System Code ?Test Plan / Scenarios ?Test Results ?User Documentation? Training Classes ?Final Service Level Agreement ?Operational Readiness USER IRM Sign-Off ?Project Closure Sign-Off Software tools for RAD The RAD methodology uses both computerized tools and human techniques to achieve the goals of high-speed and high quality. The success of any Rapid Application Development project is primarily dependent on the tools used. The power tools utilized in RAD are Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) tools. CASE tools have come a long way over the last two decades, helping us to overcome a lot of the software development problems through process innovations such as Rapid Application Development. Powerfully integrated CASE software is now available, as well as software that goes beyond traditional CASE limitations. CASE Maker’s Totem 5. 0 is one such product. Also software tools for RAD are often newer and often they are object-oriented tools, they include familiar programs such as: Microsoft Access, Microsoft Visual Basics, Microsoft Visual C++, and Microsoft Net. Most RAD applications have stayed on the small, PC-based side, although their true power may be for client/server applications that need to run across multiple platforms. The tools used should be easy to learn, powerful and allow the designers to interface their freshly minted application with other applications, databases and file types. Key objectives The key objectives of RAD are high quality systems, fast development and delivery and low costs. These objectives can be summed up in one sentence: the commercial need to deliver working business applications in shorter timescales and for less investment. A number of people see RAD as a complete approach to information systems development in that it covers the entire lifecycle, from initiation through to delivery. 3. When to use Rapid Application Development (RAD) Corporations have found that work organized stepwise incurs in unavoidable delays and errors as paper is handed off from person to person. Information Technology is one of the most powerful tools for breaking with traditional assumptions and rules about today’s business. One of the most innovative and successful change in IT business practices today is RAD. This new process takes advantage of automated tools and techniques to restructure the process of building information systems. RAD replaces hand-design and coding processes. These two processes depend a lot on the skills of isolated individuals. This slows down the process of development plus if the communication between these individuals is not good this will enormously affect the outcome of the team. Rapid Application Development is a better process, as it is much faster and less error prone than hand coding. Now days most organizations are faced with a large backlog of new systems to be developed. Over 65% of the typical Information System’s budget is spent on the maintenance of existing systems. Most of the time, these systems have little to no documentation and were developed with programming languages and database systems that are difficult and time consuming to change. There are two options for these companies upgrading their aging systems or building new applications. Conventional development lifecycles, however, are too slow and rigid to meet the business demands of today’s e-commerce. A new methodology must be implemented, one that allows organizations to build software applications faster, better, and cheaper. As an analyst, you will learn that certain applications and systems work will call for certain methodologies and that there is not a one size fits all. You can consider using RAD when: 1. Your team includes programmers and analysts who are experienced with RAD. 2. The project has pressing business reasons for speeding up a portion of an application development. 3. Your team is working with a novel e-commerce application and your development team believes that the customer’s business can sufficiently benefit over their competitors if as an innovator his application is among the first to appear on the Web. 4. The users are sophisticated and highly engaged with the organizational goals of the company. RAD enables analysts and developers the use of powerful CASE software which makes it possible for developers to create systems much faster than ever before. These new integrated CASE toolsets are breaking out of the bubble of traditional software development thought. They take application development beyond generation coding, just as generation, many years ago, surpassed textual coding. These tools enable a developer to drag-and-drop previously generated code, saving that developer the time and effort of individually hand-coding the text of the application. Common components The following appear to be the common components of RAD approaches: joint application design (JAD). RAD seems to be characterized by small development teams of typically four to eight persons. Such teams are made up of both developers and users who are empowered to make design decisions. This means that all RAD team members must be skilled both socially and in terms of the business. JAD workshops are usually expected to take place away from the business and developer environments in ‘clean’ rooms, that is, places free from everyday work interruptions and full of requisite support facilities such as flip charts, post-its, coffee, computers, etc. The emphasis is on highly focused problem solving. RAD projects seem to be typically of relatively small-scale and of short duration. Also, two to six months is frequently discussed as being a normal project length. The main rationale being that any project taking more than six months to complete is likely to be overtaken by business developments. Project control is seen to involve scoping the project by prioritizing development and defining delivery deadlines or’ time-boxes’. If the projects start to slip, the emphasis will be on reducing the requirements to fit the time-box. RAD is frequently discussed in terms of incremental prototyping and phased deliverables. Prototyping is essentially the process of building a system in an iterative way. Mostly these projects are conducted on applications that are highly interactive, have a clearly defined user group and are not computationally complex. 4. Disadvantages of RAD. RAD is a useful tool for analysts and developers but like everything in life, it also has Pros (advantages) and Cons (disadvantages). It is a faster way of producing applications since the users are involved from the beginning; therefore, the system is created faster. Those are good things for fast-paced businesses but it also has Cons. Some of these might make you think if RAD is actually as good as it looks and sounds. Some analysts still believed RAD is not as good as it sounds because the method may not be useful for large or highly complex projects. It also requires a very motivated team, capable of work cohesively together. The cost of the project is hard to estimate at the beginning of the project. It also requires a lot of commitment from the users involved in the project and that might be very difficult for important users to commit (managers, VP’s and so) which is necessary for the success of the project. Among other concerns some are: 1. For large (but scalable) projects, RAD requires sufficient resources to create the right number of RAD teams. 2. RAD projects will fail if there is no commitment by the developers or the clients to rapid-fire activities necessary to get a system complete in a much abbreviated time frame. 3. If a system cannot be properly modularized, building components for RAD will be problematic. 4. Agile methods produce very little written documentation and require a significant amount of post-project documentation. 5. The client may create an unrealistic product vision and request extensive gold-plating, leading the team to over- or under-develop functionality. 6. Product may lose its competitive edge because of insufficient core functionality and may exhibit poor overall quality. Other major concerns with RAD include the costs of maintaining clean rooms and of funding the extensive user involvement required for prototyping. Many organizations have found that the culture changes required for RAD are sometimes impossible to achieve either within the business as a whole or within project teams. Software engineers, too, are reluctant to embrace a development ethos that necessitates leaving their comfort zones and subjecting themselves to the intense periods of activity and accountability required for RAD . Conclusion Since 1992, when James Martin developed the idea of RAD, this new approach is been gaining momentum and is one of the tools in today’s tool box for analysts and developers. RAD and prototyping are pushing together to move the field forward on creating high quality applications on a short period of time. Today’s computer business has the option of being at the edge of their competitive market because they don’t have to wait for years to implement new technology to increase productivity. It all looks so good but after reviewing all the literature there is still a lot of places for improvement. For example: Some developers understand RAD to mean incrementally speeding up each stage of the traditional software life cycle. To others, RAD is primarily about automation and the extensive use of software development productivity tools. Many believe RAD is only suitable for small, relatively low-key projects. Others argue that RAD principles and techniques (joint Application Development, time-boxing, prototyping, and clean rooms, to name a few) can be applied to any software project but still RAD is accused of being anti-quality. It is commonly believed speed and quality are incompatible in software development. You can have one or the other but not both at the same time. In my opinion RAD is good for small projects where the users have the capability of commit their time with the developing team.